The survey highlights significant strides in language learning, employment, and social inclusion for Ukrainian refugees in Estonia, while also underscoring the ongoing need for economic support. © UNHCR/Anna Liminowicz
As the war in Ukraine continues, thousands of refugees in Estonia are adapting to a new environment while striving to rebuild their lives. A Socio–Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) coordinated by UNHCR as part of the Regional Refugee Response Plan, provides insight into the experiences of refugees across 10 countries. In Estonia, the study covered 600 households and 1,409 individuals, with data collection conducted by the Estonian Refugee Council and the International Organization for Migration. The survey highlights significant strides in language learning, employment, and social inclusion, while also underscoring the ongoing need for economic support:
Language learning plays an important role in integration, and many refugees in Estonia have sought opportunities to develop this skill. The study found that 58% of refugees have attended language courses, and 84% of those who participated were satisfied with the education they received. This engagement is higher than in Latvia, where 30% of refugees have attended language courses, and in Lithuania, where the figure stands at 41%. The ability to communicate in Estonian remains a key factor in securing employment, navigating daily life, and building connections with the wider community.
Employment rates among Ukrainian refugees in Estonia are also high, with 69% currently working, the highest rate among the three Baltic countries. In comparison, 56% of refugees in Latvia and 53% in Lithuania are employed. However, despite high employment levels, many refugees still face financial hardship. Seventy-five percent of households report incomes below the national poverty line, and 24% struggle to cover basic expenses. Many refugees from Ukraine also experience de-skilling, working in sectors and positions that do not correspond to their qualifications.
Despite these difficulties, relations between refugees and their host communities are positive. Seventy-seven percent of Ukrainian refugees in Estonia describe their interactions with locals as good or very good. This support has been an important factor in helping refugees adjust and rebuild their lives.
School enrolment among refugee children is also strong, with 93% of children aged 7–18 enrolled in Estonian schools for the 2023/2024 academic year. In Latvia, this figure stands at 62%, and in Lithuania, 83%.
Looking ahead, the majority of Ukrainian refugees in Estonia see their near future in the country. Nearly 80% of respondents indicated that they plan to stay over the next year, underscoring the importance of continued support for long-term inclusion.
The SEIS study is an important resource for policymakers, humanitarian organisations, and local authorities. UNHCR continues to work with the Estonian government and other partners to strengthen long-term solutions, ensuring that refugees from Ukraine can participate fully in society and contribute to their new communities.
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