In 2024, UNHCR updated the Refugee Coordination Model (RCM) and introduced the Refugee Emergency Response Scale-up Protocol ('Refugee Emergency Protocol'). This protocol clarifies roles and principles for collective action, ensuring a predictable and inclusive response to refugee emergencies. The High Commissioner for Refugees can activate the protocol in situations with significant refugee flows, life-threatening conditions, and when existing capacities to lead, coordinate and deliver, together with relevant authorities, humanitarian and development actors, and civil society, are insufficient. Activation is a call for mobilizing additional resources and capacities from all stakeholders, supporting host governments in a transparent and inclusive manner. The protocol expires after six months, with a possible three-month extension in exceptional cases.